Android Native 中编译的 binary 为什么会存在 SONAME

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这是一个创建于 300 天前的主题，其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变。

最近在移植 AOSP14 ，遇到一个百思不得其解的问题。在我此前的认知里 binary=executable=可执行文件，源码实现时一定是以 main 函数作为入口 entry 的，直到今天我发现一个有意思的程序。

前提：
运行环境：AOSP14 Cuttlefish Virtual Machine

该程序位于/apex/com.android.runtime/bin 目录，我们先用 file 命令看看：

86_64:/apex/com.android.runtime/bin # file linker64
linker64: ELF shared object, 64-bit LSB x86-64, BuildID=c8f402abba648f1ad456bbf0b9cd3e7a, not stripped

看上去正常，我们使用 readelf 查看一下：

86_64:/apex/com.android.runtime/bin # readelf -d linker64 | grep SONAME  
0x000000000000000e (SONAME)             Library soname: [ld-android.so]

这怎么会有个 SONAME 呢，按道理这是个 binary ，不是个 shared library,接着我们再看看其所拥有的 program headers：

86_64:/apex/com.android.runtime/bin # readelf -l linker64

Elf file type is DYN (Shared object file)
Entry point 0x68390
There are 10 program headers, starting at offset 64

Program Headers:
  Type           Offset   VirtAddr           PhysAddr           FileSiz MemSiz  Flg Align
  PHDR           0x000040 0x0000000000000040 0x0000000000000040 0x00230 0x00230 R   0x8
  LOAD           0x000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x46b54 0x46b54 R   0x1000
  LOAD           0x046b60 0x0000000000047b60 0x0000000000047b60 0x101e10 0x101e10 R E 0x1000
  LOAD           0x148970 0x000000000014a970 0x000000000014a970 0x087b8 0x087b8 RW  0x1000
  LOAD           0x151140 0x0000000000154140 0x0000000000154140 0x00f70 0x0eae8 RW  0x1000
  DYNAMIC        0x150d90 0x0000000000152d90 0x0000000000152d90 0x00120 0x00120 RW  0x8
  GNU_RELRO      0x148970 0x000000000014a970 0x000000000014a970 0x087b8 0x09690 R   0x1
  GNU_EH_FRAME   0x01c1b4 0x000000000001c1b4 0x000000000001c1b4 0x0633c 0x0633c R   0x4
  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW  0
  NOTE           0x000270 0x0000000000000270 0x0000000000000270 0x00020 0x00020 R   0x4

 Section to Segment mapping:
  Segment Sections...
   00
   01     .note.gnu.build-id .dynsym .gnu.hash .dynstr .relr.dyn .rela.plt .rodata .gcc_except_table .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame
   02     .text .iplt
   03     .data.rel.ro .init_array .dynamic .got .got.plt
   04     .data
   05     .dynamic
   06     .data.rel.ro .init_array .dynamic .got .got.plt
   07     .eh_frame_hdr
   08
   09     .note.gnu.build-id

这里我们没有找到 INTERP 字段，按照这边文章的说法，executable 是应当包含 INTERP 字段的，而 shared library 是不包含的，所以这理应是个 shared library ？所以才会有 SONAME.

可是 shared library 是没法直接在 command line 中运行的，但是实际上又可以运行：

x86_64:/apex/com.android.runtime/bin # ./linker64 --help
Usage: ./linker64 [--list] PROGRAM [ARGS-FOR-PROGRAM...]
       ./linker64 [--list] path.zip!/PROGRAM [ARGS-FOR-PROGRAM...]

A helper program for linking dynamic executables. Typically, the kernel loads
this program because it's the PT_INTERP of a dynamic executable.

This program can also be run directly to load and run a dynamic executable. The
executable can be inside a zip file if it's stored uncompressed and at a
page-aligned offset.

The --list option gives behavior equivalent to ldd(1) on other systems.

所以我迷糊了，是我理解产生了偏差了么。

3 条回复 • 2024-01-29 15:54:34 +08:00

codehz

300 天前

常见 linux 发行版的 ld.so 也是可执行文件
你猜 INTERP 这个词扩展开是啥（

codehz

300 天前

当然原则上 interpreter 可以 ET_EXEC 和 ET_DYN 里二选一即可，不过选 ET_EXEC 的话，会加载到固定地址上，可能会和实际可执行文件的地址冲突，ET_DYN 之后则可以允许在其他地址加载，没有规定 interpreter 在 ET_DYN 模式下是否可以是一个可执行文件，只要求不能递归指定 interpreter ，一般来说约定有 ET_DYN 没有 interpreter 表示它自身就是 interp ，可以参考内核里的注释
/*
* This logic is run once for the first LOAD Program
* Header for ET_DYN binaries to calculate the
* randomization (load_bias) for all the LOAD
* Program Headers.
*
* There are effectively two types of ET_DYN
* binaries: programs (i.e. PIE: ET_DYN with INTERP)
* and loaders (ET_DYN without INTERP, since they
* _are_ the ELF interpreter). The loaders must
* be loaded away from programs since the program
* may otherwise collide with the loader (especially
* for ET_EXEC which does not have a randomized
* position). For example to handle invocations of
* "./ld.so someprog" to test out a new version of
* the loader, the subsequent program that the
* loader loads must avoid the loader itself, so
* they cannot share the same load range. Sufficient
* room for the brk must be allocated with the
* loader as well, since brk must be available with
* the loader.
*
* Therefore, programs are loaded offset from
* ELF_ET_DYN_BASE and loaders are loaded into the
* independently randomized mmap region (0 load_bias
* without MAP_FIXED nor MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE).
*/

tool2d

300 天前

我按照说明，尝试了一下 https://bhushanverma.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-to-run-shared-library-on-linux.html

提到两点，用 Position Independent Executables 编译（-PIE)，和用(-Wl,-e entry_point)指定入口。

可惜没成功。