[教程分享] Express+Less+Gulp 配置高效率开发环境

引言：分享下如何搭建高效率的前端开发环境，前端er快来看看。

原来用的React+Webpack时，那种同步压缩修改、实时动态刷新页面的感觉真的太棒了。但如果使用Express+ejs+less的话，配置webpack非常繁琐，所以，一番折腾后，于是有了Express+Less+Gulp的配置方案，效果见下图，项目地址：https://github.com/ycjcl868/Express_Gulp

目的

我使用Express+Ejs+Less开发，想开发时对所有资源进行压缩并同步到浏览器端， Google 搜索一遍，都不是太符合我的项目要求。于是看着Gulp 文档结合npmjs.com终于折腾完毕。

配置

下面说下我的配置方法：

我的目录结构：

├── app.js   # Express Server
├── bin
│   └── www  # 启动 Server
├── dist     # 编译压缩目录(部署目录)
│   ├── css
│   ├── img
│   ├── js
│   ├── views
│   └── lib  # 第三方库目录(bower 安装)
├── .bowerrc # bower 前端安装库
├── gulpfile.js  # Gulp 配置文件
├── package.json
├── public       # 开发目录 
│   ├── img
│   ├── js
│   └── less     
├── routes
│   ├── index.js
│   └── users.js
└── views      # html
    ├── error.ejs
    └── index.ejs

package.json 文件内容：

{
  "name": "voteapp",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "app.js",
  "dependencies": {
    "body-parser": "~1.13.2",
    "cookie-parser": "~1.3.5",
    "debug": "~2.2.0",
    "ejs": "~2.3.3",
    "express": "~4.13.1",
    "morgan": "~1.6.1",
    "serve-favicon": "~2.3.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "browser-sync": "^2.18.6",
    "del": "^2.2.2",
    "gulp": "^3.9.1",
    "gulp-cache": "^0.4.5",
    "gulp-clean-css": "^2.3.2",
    "gulp-concat": "^2.6.1",
    "gulp-ejs": "^2.3.0",
    "gulp-htmlmin": "^3.0.0",
    "gulp-imagemin": "^3.1.1",
    "gulp-less": "^3.3.0",
    "gulp-livereload": "^3.8.1",
    "gulp-nodemon": "^2.2.1",
    "gulp-uglify": "^2.0.0",
    "gulp-watch": "^4.3.11"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC"
}

gulpfile.js 文件

'use strict';
var gulp = require('gulp');
var minify = require('gulp-clean-css');
var browserSync = require('browser-sync');
var nodemon = require('gulp-nodemon');
var cache = require('gulp-cache');
var uglify = require('gulp-uglify');
var htmlmin = require('gulp-htmlmin');
var imagemin = require('gulp-imagemin');
var less = require('gulp-less');
var path = require('path');
var livereload = require('gulp-livereload');
var concat = require('gulp-concat');
var jshint = require('gulp-jshint');
var cssBase64 = require('gulp-base64');
var del = require('del');
// 删除文件
gulp.task('clean', function(cb) {
del(['dist/css/', 'dist/js/', 'dist/img/','dist/views/'], cb)
});
// 压缩 ejs
gulp.task('ejs', function() {
return gulp.src('views/**/*.ejs')
.pipe(htmlmin({collapseWhitespace: true}))
.pipe(gulp.dest('dist/views/'));
});
// 压缩 less
gulp.task('less', function () {
return gulp.src('public/less/**/*.less')
.pipe(less({
paths: [ path.join(__dirname, 'less', 'includes') ]
}))
.pipe(cssBase64())
.pipe(minify())
.pipe(gulp.dest('dist/css/'));
});
// 压缩 js
gulp.task('js', function () {
return gulp.src('public/js/**/*.js')
.pipe(jshint())
.pipe(jshint.reporter('default'))
.pipe(uglify({ compress: true }))
.pipe(gulp.dest('dist/js/'))
});
// 压缩 img
gulp.task('img', function() {

return gulp.src('public/img/**/*')        //引入所有需处理的 Img
.pipe(imagemin({ optimizationLevel: 3, progressive: true, interlaced: true }))      //压缩图片
// 如果想对变动过的文件进行压缩，则使用下面一句代码
// .pipe(cache(imagemin({ optimizationLevel: 3, progressive: true, interlaced: true }))) 
.pipe(gulp.dest('dist/img/'))
// .pipe(notify({ message: '图片处理完成' }));
});
// 浏览器同步，用 7000 端口去代理 Express 的 3008 端口
gulp.task('browser-sync', ['nodemon'], function() {
browserSync.init(null, {
proxy: "http://localhost:3008",
files: ["dist/views/.","dist/css/.","dist/js/.","dist/img/."],
browser: "google chrome",
port: 7000
});
});
// 开启 Express 服务
gulp.task('nodemon', function (cb) {
var started = false;
return nodemon({
script: 'bin/www'
}).on('start', function () {
// to avoid nodemon being started multiple times
// thanks @matthisk
if (!started) {
cb();
started = true;
}
});
});
gulp.task('build',['clean','less','ejs','js','img'],function () {
});
gulp.task('default',['browser-sync'],function(){
// 将你的默认的任务代码放这
<span class="hljs-comment">// 监听所有 css 文档</span>
gulp.watch(<span class="hljs-string">'public/less/*.less'</span>, [<span class="hljs-string">'less'</span>]);

<span class="hljs-comment">// 监听所有.js 档</span>
gulp.watch(<span class="hljs-string">'public/js/*.js'</span>, [<span class="hljs-string">'js'</span>]);

<span class="hljs-comment">// 监听所有图片档</span>
gulp.watch(<span class="hljs-string">'public/img/**/*'</span>, [<span class="hljs-string">'img'</span>]);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 监听 ejs</span>
gulp.watch(<span class="hljs-string">'views/**/*.ejs'</span>, [<span class="hljs-string">'ejs'</span>]);

// 创建实时调整服务器 -- 在项目中未使用注释掉
var server = livereload();
// 监听 dist/ 目录下所有文档，有更新时强制浏览器刷新（需要浏览器插件配合或按前文介绍在页面增加 JS 监听代码）
gulp.watch(['public/dist/**']).on('change', function(file) {
server.changed(file.path);
});
});

app.js 文件

var express = require('express');
var path = require('path');
var favicon = require('serve-favicon');
var logger = require('morgan');
var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');

var routes = require('./routes/index');
var users = require('./routes/users');

var app = express();

// view engine setup
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'dist/views'));
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

// uncomment after placing your favicon in /public
//app.use(favicon(path.join(__dirname, 'public', 'favicon.ico')));
app.use(logger('dev'));
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'dist')));

app.use('/', routes);
app.use('/users', users);

// catch 404 and forward to error handler
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
  var err = new Error('Not Found');
  err.status = 404;
  next(err);
});

// error handlers

// development error handler
// will print stacktrace
if (app.get('env') === 'development') {
  app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
    res.status(err.status || 500);
    res.render('error', {
      message: err.message,
      error: err
    });
  });
}

// production error handler
// no stacktraces leaked to user
app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
  res.status(err.status || 500);
  res.render('error', {
    message: err.message,
    error: {}
  });
});


module.exports = app;

然后先在根目录下执行安装：
npm install，使用时先运行gulp build将文件压缩、打包、编译，然后再执行gulp开启自动更新服务器。