excess(n.)指“过量、过度;超出需要或正常限度的部分”。常见搭配如 *in excess (of)*(超过……)以及 excess of(……过多)。该词也可作形容词(较少见于口语),表示“过量的”。
/ɪkˈses/
There is too much sugar in the recipe; cut back the excess.
这个食谱里糖太多了;把多余的糖减掉。
The report found that excess spending over several years had weakened the company’s finances and increased its debt.
报告发现,多年来的过度支出削弱了公司的财务状况,并增加了债务。
源自拉丁语 excessus(“离开、超出、超过限度”),来自 excedere(“超出、越过”),由 **ex-**(“向外、超出”)+ cedere(“走、退让”)构成。核心含义一直围绕“超出界限”。