iptables 作为经典的软件防火墙大家已经很熟悉了,不过各位应该比较少会使用到 log 日志记录保存的功能。这次因为 Ngnix stream 模块的编译和获取 realip(ngx_http_realip_module / ngx_stream_realip_module)的方案改动成本过高,退而求其次的方式是通过 iptables 做转发,需要解决的问题就是如何保存日志和按时间 rotate。原本计划使用 Filebeat 直接接入 EFK 但因为某些原因暂时搁浅了,最后选择比较简单的 rsyslog 在本地服务器上做处理。
使用 rsyslog 单独保存 iptables log 日志实践
2019 年 05 月 09 日 - 初稿
阅读原文 - https://wsgzao.github.io/post/iptables-log/
扩展阅读
rsyslog - https://www.rsyslog.com/guides/
How to Enable Logging in Iptables on Linux - https://tecadmin.net/enable-logging-in-iptables-on-linux/
How to configure syslog to log the iptables messages to a different log file in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5/6/7
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
syslog
# Make a backup of /etc/syslog.conf before making any changes to it.
cp /etc/syslog.conf /etc/syslog.conf.bak
# Edit /etc/syslog.conf with an editor such as vi and add lines:
# comment iptables log
kern.warning /var/log/iptables
# Make sure the iptables rule is logging at the appropriate level. This can be done by using the log-level switch. Default log-level is warning.
# Below example will log ssh attempts:
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j LOG --log-level 4
# Note: Log Levels can be found using command:
man syslog
# Note: Consider adding a prefix to your iptables rule. This makes it easier to separate the firewall message from the few random messages that the kernel puts out.
# Below example use to log ping and add the prefix "#### Firewall ####".
iptables -I INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type ping -j LOG --log-prefix "#### Firewall ####"
# Note:- Follow below steps if iptables print all the logs on the console:-
# Step1:- Add below entry in /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.printk = 4 1 1 7
# Step2:- Run below command to make changes effectively at runtime.
/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
# Step3:- Check the changes at below file.
cat /proc/sys/kernel/printk
# 修改防火墙 NAT 表中的 PREROUTING 和 POSTROUTING 链,添加自定义 log-prefix
vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -p tcp -d <IP> --dport 443 -j LOG --log-prefix seatalk:
-A PREROUTING -p tcp -d <IP> --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.71.19.142:443
-A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE
COMMIT
# 重启 iptables
service iptables reload
rsyslog 是一个 syslogd 的多线程增强版。现在 Fedora / RHEL / CentOS / Ubuntu 默认的日志系统都是 rsyslog 了。
rsyslog 负责写入日志,logrotate 负责备份和删除旧日志,以及更新日志文件
# 创建 iptables 日志目录
mkdir -p /var/log/iptables/
# 编辑 rsyslog.conf
vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
# Save iptables log
kern.warning /var/log/iptables/iptables.log
# 重启 rsyslog
service rsyslog restart
rotate 轮换,日志切换
logrotate 是一个日志管理程序,用来把旧的日志文件删除(备份),并创建新的日志文件,这个过程称为 "转储"。我们可以根据日志的大小,或者根据其使用的天数来转储。
# 添加 iptables log rotate 策略
vim /etc/logrotate.d/iptables
/var/log/iptables/iptables.log {
daily
rotate 7
compress
delaycompress
missingok
notifempty
create 0664 root root
}
# 重启 rsyslog
service rsyslog restart
# 这篇文章有更多实例
rsyslog 和 logrotate 服务 - http://xstarcd.github.io/wiki/Linux/rsyslog_logrotate.html
如果条件允许建议直接采用 EFK 一步到位
cd /var/log/iptables
iptables.log
iptables.log-20190512.gz
iptables.log-20190513
cat iptables.log
May 14 15:08:35 <localhost> kernel: IN=em1 OUT= MAC=14:18:77:28:56:59:a0:f8:49:5f:b2:c3:08:00 SRC=<IP> DST=<IP> LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=57 ID=43701 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=4150 DPT=443 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0
May 14 15:09:00 <localhost> kernel: IN=em1 OUT= MAC=14:18:77:28:56:59:00:f8:2c:91:79:43:08:00 SRC=<IP> DST=<IP> LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=54 ID=31497 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=43586 DPT=443 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0