@justRua

String sql = SELECT id,state FROM test_list
WHERE id >= ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM test_list )-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM test_list )) * RAND() + (SELECT MIN(id) FROM test_list )
AND state = 0
LIMIT 1 for UPDATE;

conn.setAutoCommit(false);
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
stmt.executeQuery();
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(updateId);
stmt.executeUpdate();
conn.commit();

这样就行了？